Management of Odontogenic Abscess in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia: 5 Case Reports

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary disorder characterized by a defect in the red blood cell (RBC) hemoglobin molecule resulting in a diminished ability for the blood to carry oxygen and a tendency for the blood to clump. Clinical manifestations of SCA, apart from the vasoocclusive complications are increasing susceptibility to infection, and chronic anemia from both hemolysis of the sickle cells. Five patients with age ranging from 14 to 27 years; presented to the service of Dentistry, Mixed Medicine Center and SS Anemia (MMCSA), Kinshasa/DR. Congo with a history of pain and swelling in the mandible and/or maxillary regions of several days duration. All 5 patients were diagnosed with odontogenic abscesses. Because any infection in a patient with SS disease can become life-threatening, we present these case reports to call attention to this serious problem and share our clinical management and experience, especially with surgeons who practice in areas with limited resources. In addition, we review the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and surgical management of odontogenic infection.

Conclusion: The diagnosis and the management of ododntogenic abscess in the patients with sickle cell anemia require consultation the patient’s physician and understanding of the physiopathology as well as the oral clinical manifestations of the disease.