Cut Off Value of Serum Adiponectin Levels in Egyptian Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Cardiometabolic disease (metabolic syndrome) is an umbrella term for complex metabolic abnormalities that end in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. It share pathophysiologic abnormalities including hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, glycemic dysregulation and inflammation. The burdens of these conditions are very high. Adiponectin is secreted exclusively by adipocytes and has been linked to glucose, lipid, and cardiovascular regulation. Despite that adiponectin is produced only by adipose tissue, plasma level was found to be decreased in obese patients.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the levels of serum adiponectin in obese and diabetic subjects together with their correlations to cardiometabolic risk factors in Egyptian subjects.

Materials and Methods: We measured serum adiponectin in one hundred sixty five Egyptian subjects divided as controls, obese and obese diabetics. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured in all subjects. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-C, non HDL-C, and triglycerides levels) were also measured. Cut off value were assessed for serum adiponectin levels as a marker for metabolic syndrome.

Results: Serum adiponectin levels were highly significantly different among the study groups (p<0.01). Serum adiponectin concentration showed highly significant negative correlation with BMI, diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c and HOMA-IR. Cut off value of 4.9 mg/l was significantly predicting the presence of metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: Serum adiponectin levels have significant negative correlation with obesity and T2DM. Therefore it could be used as a biomarker to assess cardiometabolic risk in obesity and T2DM.