Investigating Road Pavement Failure in Oworonshoki, Kosofe Area of Lagos, Using Geophysical and Geotechnical Methods

An assessment of the immediate causes of persistent road pavement failure in Oworonshoki, Koshofe area of Lagos, Nigeria using geophysical and geotechnical methods was carried out. Six traverses were occupied in the study area along the alignment of the road. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) data using the Wenner array were acquired along the six traverses. These were followed by six (6) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data along the traverses. On traverse 1 are VES 1 and 2, on traverse 2 are VES 3 and 4, on traverse 3 are VES 5 and 6. One boring and three Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) were conducted along traverse 6 while the three CPTs were carried out on traverse 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The inverted 2D results reveal that resistivity values vary from 6.74 – 1333 Ωm in the study area. Four resistivity structures are delineated which are peat, clay/sandy clay, clayey sand and sand. The peat has resistivity values ranging from 6.74 – 17.7 Ωm, clay/sandy clay (20.9 – 86.9 Ωm), clayey sand (96.3 – 194 Ωm) and sand (245 – 1333 Ωm). The peat is laterally extensive and occurs from the surface to a depth of 25 m. The peat is underlain by the clay which is fairly extensive across the area of study with a thickness of 2.5 – 20 m in most location. The Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) reveal cone resistance values that progressively varies from 0 – 101 kg/m2 from the surface to a depth of 17 m, indicating dense earth materials at deeper depth while at near surface, they are incompetent soft clayey earth materials. The laterally extensive peat and clay units underlying the road pavement, extending up 30 m depth as revealed from the 2D ERI, the geoelectric investigation and the borehole are suspected to be responsible for the persistent settlement, rutting and pitting of the road pavement. The thickness of the peat/clay and the lateral extent may not be economically admissible for excavation during construction. Pile foundations to the dense gravely sand at 40 m depth along the stretch of the road is therefore recommended for stable road pavement.