Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Chronic Periodontitis

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal support tissue caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. During the development of periodontal disease, host immune regulation plays an important role, and unnecessary excessive immune regulation often exacerbates the course of chronic periodontal disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with self replication ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. Many studies have found that MSCs have strong immunosuppressive effects on both adaptive and innate immunity. In recent years, literature has reported that MSCs are involved in the immune regulatory effect of chronic periodontal disease, inhibiting its inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption, but the specific regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. This article reviews the current research status of the immune regulatory effects of MSCs on chronic periodontitis.