Redefining Sustainable Agriculture for the 21st Century by Vertical Farming

In the face of a rapidly growing global population, increasing urbanization, and the threats posed by climate change, traditional agricultural practices are becoming increasingly unsustainable. Vertical farming, a method of growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled environments, offers a promising solution to these challenges. This review paper explores the potential of vertical farming to redefine sustainable agriculture in the 21st century. It examines the key advantages of vertical farming, including efficient land use, reduced water consumption, year-round crop production, and reduced transportation costs. The paper also discusses the technological advancements that have made vertical farming feasible, such as LED lighting, hydroponic and aeroponic systems, and automation. Furthermore, it highlights the economic viability and potential for vertical farming to contribute to food security in urban areas. The review concludes by addressing the challenges and limitations of vertical farming and outlining future research directions to fully realize its potential as a sustainable agricultural practice.