One-degree resolution mascon solution over Antarctic derived from GRACE Level-2 data

The mass loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is an important contributor to global sea-level rise in response to the warming ocean and atmospheric temperatures as well as the changes in current systems and precipitation patterns. In this study, a regional mascon method is developed to squeeze more mass change signals, in which the pseudo-observations of the geopotential are generated from the unfiltered GRACE Level-2 data whereas the regularization matrix is constructed with the prior information derived from filtered GRACE Level-2 data. A series of mascon solutions with 1°×1°
equal-area resolution over AIS is derived from the updated Tongji-Grace2018 model spanning April 2002 to December 2016. Compared to the filtering results from P4M6 decorrelation and 100 km Gaussian filtering, our mascon solutions can effectively suppress the strips, improve the spatial resolution over AIS, and get a stronger signal with an improvement of 116.86% in the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS), and more coincide with the features of glaciers and ice streams, such as the most striking ice mass loss in Totten, Getz, Thwaites and Pine Island, and the ice mass gain in Kamb Ice Stream. During the period from 2002 to 2016, the mass change rates from our mascon solution are −103.6 ± 5.6 Gt/yr, 63.0 ± 4.3 Gt/yr, −143.3 ± 4.9 Gt/yr and −23.29 ± 1.2 Gt/yr in AIS, East AIS, West AIS, and APIS, respectively. The mass change signals at the basin scale are with even more distinguishing features, with the highest mass gain rates of 18.03 ± 1.88 Gt/yr and 14.55 ± 0.60 Gt/yr at Basin 7 and Basin 18, and the highest mass loss rates of −58.57 ± 2.48 Gt/yr and −44.12 ± 2.27 Gt/yr at Basin 21 and Basin 22. Relative to the cumulated surface mass balance from the regional atmospheric climate model, the correlation coefficients of our mascon solutions are 0.91, 0.94, and 0.96 in East AIS, West AIS, and APIS.